नमस्कार मेरे प्यारे भाइयों और बहनों, आज हमलोग इस पोस्ट के माध्यम से बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 12th के अंग्रेजी बुक के चैप्टर 2 "Bharat is My Home" (भारत मेरा घर है) के प्रत्येक पंक्ति के व्याख्या को देखेंगे और पढ़ेंगे। जिसके लेखक Mahatma Gandhi हैं।
Bharat is My Home (भारत मेरा घर है)
DR ZAKIR HUSAIN (1897- 1969), born in Hyderabad, was one of our greatest freedom
fighters as well as an eminent educationist. Dr. Husain became the
President of India in 1967. Earlier he had served as the Governor
of Bihar. 'Bharat is My Home' is an extract from the speech he
gave in 1967 after taking the oath as President. In his first speech
as the President of India, Dr Zakir Husain pledges himself "to the
service of the totality of India's culture".
डॉ. ज़ाकिर हुसैन (1897-1969), जिनका जन्म हैदराबाद में हुआ था, हमारे सबसे बड़े स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों में से एक होने के साथ-साथ एक जाने-माने शिक्षाविद भी थे। डॉ. हुसैन 1967 में भारत के राष्ट्रपति बने। इससे पहले वे बिहार के राज्यपाल रह चुके थे। 'भारत मेरा घर है' उनके उस भाषण का एक हिस्सा है जो उन्होंने 1967 में राष्ट्रपति पद की शपथ लेने के बाद दिया था। भारत के राष्ट्रपति के तौर पर अपने पहले भाषण में, डॉ. ज़ाकिर हुसैन ने "पूरी भारत की संस्कृति की सेवा के लिए" खुद को समर्पित किया।
BHARAT IS MY HOMЕ
1. I must confess that I am overwhelmed by the trust my people have placed in me by
electing me to the highest office in the land.....
मुझे यह मानना होगा कि मेरे लोगों ने मुझ पर जो भरोसा दिखाया है, उससे मैं बहुत खुश हूँ और मुझे देश के सबसे ऊँचे पद पर चुना है.....
2. Dr Radhakrishnan brought to the Presidency a mental equipment, a degree of
erudition and wealth of experience rarely to be found anywhere. During a lifetime
devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and truth, he has done more than probably any
other man to bring out and explain Indian philosophical thought and the oneness of all
true spiritual values. He has never lost his faith in the essential humanity of man and he
himself has never ceased to champion the right of all men to live in dignity and with
justice.
डॉ. राधाकृष्णन प्रेसीडेंसी में एक ऐसा दिमागी सामान, इतनी विद्वता और अनुभव लेकर आए जो शायद ही कहीं और मिले। ज्ञान और सच्चाई की खोज में पूरी ज़िंदगी बिताने के दौरान, उन्होंने शायद किसी और आदमी से ज़्यादा भारतीय फिलॉसफी और सभी सच्चे आध्यात्मिक मूल्यों की एकता को सामने लाने और समझाने का काम किया है। उन्होंने इंसान की ज़रूरी इंसानियत में अपना भरोसा कभी नहीं खोया और उन्होंने खुद भी सभी इंसानों के सम्मान और न्याय के साथ जीने के अधिकार की वकालत करना कभी नहीं छोड़ा।
3. I can only assure you that I enter this office in a spirit of prayerful humility and total
dedication. I have just taken the oath of loyalty to the Constitution of India. It is the Constitution of a comparatively new State which its free citizens have,for the first time
in history, given to themselves. It is the young State of an ancient people who, through the long millennia and through cooperation of diverse ethnic elements, have striven to realise timeless, absolute values in their own peculiar way. I pledge myself to the service of those values. For, though some concrete realisation of a value may become inadequate with the change of circumstance, the value remains eternally valid and presses for newer and fresher realisation. The past is not dead and static, it is alive and dynamic and is involved in determining the quality of our present and the prospects of our future.
मैं आपको बस यह भरोसा दिला सकता हूँ कि मैं इस पद पर प्रार्थना, विनम्रता और पूरे समर्पण की भावना से आ रहा हूँ। मैंने अभी-अभी भारत के संविधान के प्रति वफ़ादारी की शपथ ली है। यह एक काफ़ी नए देश का संविधान है जिसे इसके आज़ाद नागरिकों ने इतिहास में पहली बार खुद को दिया है। यह एक पुराने लोगों का युवा देश है, जिन्होंने हज़ारों सालों से और अलग-अलग जातियों के लोगों के सहयोग से, अपने खास तरीके से हमेशा रहने वाले, पक्के मूल्यों को पाने की कोशिश की है। मैं उन मूल्यों की सेवा के लिए खुद को समर्पित करता हूँ। क्योंकि, भले ही हालात बदलने पर किसी मूल्य का कोई ठोस एहसास काफ़ी न हो, लेकिन वह मूल्य हमेशा सही रहता है और नए और ताज़े एहसास के लिए दबाव डालता है। अतीत मरा हुआ और ठहरा हुआ नहीं है, वह ज़िंदा और गतिशील है और हमारे आज की क्वालिटी और हमारे भविष्य की संभावनाओं को तय करने में शामिल है।
4. The process of its constant renewal is, indeed, the process of growth of national culture and national character. It is the business of education, as I see it, to minister this constant renewal; and I may be forgiven the presumption that my choice to this high office has mainly, if not entirely,been made on account of my long association with the education of my people. I maintain that education is a prime instrument of national purpose and that quality of education is inescapably involved in the quality of the nation.
इसके लगातार रिन्यू होने का प्रोसेस, असल में, नेशनल कल्चर और नेशनल कैरेक्टर के बढ़ने का प्रोसेस है। जैसा मैं देखता हूँ, एजुकेशन का काम इस लगातार रिन्यूअल को बढ़ावा देना है; और मुझे यह अंदाज़ा लगाने के लिए माफ़ किया जा सकता है कि इस ऊँचे पद के लिए मेरा चुनाव ज़्यादातर, अगर पूरी तरह से नहीं, तो मेरे लोगों की एजुकेशन से मेरे लंबे जुड़ाव की वजह से हुआ है। मेरा मानना है कि एजुकेशन नेशनल मकसद का एक मुख्य ज़रिया है और एजुकेशन की क्वालिटी देश की क्वालिटी में ज़रूरी तौर पर शामिल है।
5. I, therefore, pledge myself to the loyalty of our pastculture from wheresoever it may have come and by whomsoever it may have been contributed. I pledge myselfto the service of the totality to my country's culture. I pledge my loyalty to my country, irrespective of religion or language; I pledge myself to work for its strength and progress and for the welfare of its people without distinctions of caste, colour or creed. The whole of Bharat is my home and its people are my family. The people have chosen to make me the head of this family for a certain time. It shall be my earnest endeavour to seek to make this home strong and beautiful, a worthy home forra a great people engaged in the fascinating task of building up a just and prosperous and graceful life.
5. इसलिए, मैं अपनी पुरानी संस्कृति के प्रति वफ़ादारी की कसम खाता हूँ, चाहे वह कहीं से भी आई हो और किसी ने भी दी हो। मैं अपने देश की संस्कृति की पूरी सेवा करने की कसम खाता हूँ। मैं अपने देश के प्रति वफ़ादारी की कसम खाता हूँ, चाहे उसका धर्म या भाषा कुछ भी हो; मैं जाति, रंग या पंथ के भेदभाव के बिना इसकी मज़बूती और तरक्की और इसके लोगों की भलाई के लिए काम करने की कसम खाता हूँ। पूरा भारत मेरा घर है और इसके लोग मेरा परिवार हैं। लोगों ने मुझे एक खास समय के लिए इस परिवार का मुखिया चुना है। मेरी पूरी कोशिश होगी कि इस घर को मज़बूत और सुंदर बनाया जाए, एक ऐसे महान लोगों के लिए एक लायक घर जो एक न्यायपूर्ण, खुशहाल और सुंदर जीवन बनाने के दिलचस्प काम में लगे हों।
6. The family is big and is constantly growing at a rather inconveniently fast pace. We shall, each one of us, have to participate unsparingly in building its new life, each in his own way. For sheer size the tasks ahead of us are so demanding that no one can afford to sit back and just watch or let frustration become endemic in our country. The situation demands of us work, work and more work, silent and sincere work, solid and steady reconstruction of the whole material and cultural life of our people.
परिवार बड़ा है और लगातार बहुत तेज़ी से बढ़ रहा है। हममें से हर एक को, अपने-अपने तरीके से, इसकी नई ज़िंदगी बनाने में पूरी लगन से हिस्सा लेना होगा। हमारे सामने जो काम हैं, वे इतने बड़े हैं कि कोई भी आराम से बैठकर सिर्फ़ देख नहीं सकता या हमारे देश में निराशा को आम बात नहीं बनने दे सकता। हालात हमसे काम, काम और ज़्यादा काम की मांग करते हैं, चुपचाप और ईमानदारी से काम करने की, हमारे लोगों की पूरी भौतिक और सांस्कृतिक ज़िंदगी को मज़बूती से और मज़बूती से फिर से बनाने की।
7. This work, as I see it, has two aspects: work on one's self and work for the society around. They are mutually fruitful aspects ofwork. The work on one's self is to follow the urge towards moral development as a free person and under self-imposed discipline, which alone can render that development possible. Its end-product is a free moral personality. We can neglect the end- product only at our peril. This end-product
cannot sustain itself without seeking and exercising itself to bring about the approximation of the society to which itis privileged to serve to a better, a juster and
a more graceful way of life. The individual cannot grow in full perfection without a
corresponding advance of the collective social existence. Let us resolve to get wholeheartedly engaged in these two aspects of work -individual and social.
जैसा मैं देखता हूँ, इस काम के दो पहलू हैं: खुद पर काम करना और आस-पास के समाज के लिए काम करना। ये काम के एक-दूसरे से फ़ायदेमंद पहलू हैं। खुद पर काम करना है एक आज़ाद इंसान के तौर पर और खुद पर लगाए गए अनुशासन में नैतिक विकास की चाहत को पूरा करना, सिर्फ़ यही विकास मुमकिन कर सकता है। इसका एंड-प्रोडक्ट एक आज़ाद नैतिक पर्सनैलिटी है। हम एंड-प्रोडक्ट को नज़रअंदाज़ करके ही अपना नुकसान कर सकते हैं। यह एंड-प्रोडक्ट तब तक खुद को बनाए नहीं रख सकता जब तक वह उस समाज के करीब न आ जाए जिसकी सेवा करने का उसे सौभाग्य मिला है, एक बेहतर, ज़्यादा न्यायपूर्ण और ज़्यादा सुंदर जीवन जीने का तरीका। कोई भी इंसान सामूहिक सामाजिक अस्तित्व की बराबर तरक्की के बिना पूरी तरह से आगे नहीं बढ़ सकता। आइए, हम काम के इन दो पहलुओं - व्यक्तिगत और सामाजिक - में पूरे दिल से लगने का संकल्प लें।
8. This dual effort will give to the life of our State a special flavour. For the State to us
will not be just an organisation of power but a moral organisation. It is a part of national
temperament and inheritance from the great leader of our liberation movement,
Mahatma Gandhi, that power should be used only for moral purposes. The peace of
the strong is what we shall dedicate ourselves to work for.
यह दोहरी कोशिश हमारे राज्य की ज़िंदगी को एक खास रंग देगी। क्योंकि हमारे लिए राज्य सिर्फ़ ताकत का संगठन नहीं होगा, बल्कि एक नैतिक संगठन होगा। यह देश के स्वभाव का हिस्सा है और हमारे आज़ादी के आंदोलन के महान नेता महात्मा गांधी से मिली विरासत है कि ताकत का इस्तेमाल सिर्फ़ नैतिक कामों के लिए किया जाना चाहिए। ताकतवर लोगों की शांति के लिए हम खुद को समर्पित करेंगे।
9. I have full faith in my people that they will bring forth the energy requisite for the
satisfactory performance of this dual task. It shall be my privilege to contribute my
share to this enchanting enterprise.
मुझे अपने लोगों पर पूरा भरोसा है कि वे इस दोहरे काम को अच्छे से करने के लिए ज़रूरी एनर्जी देंगे। इस शानदार काम में अपना हिस्सा देना मेरे लिए खुशी की बात होगी।
Chapter 2 Solutions Questions and Answers
B.1. 1.Complete the following sentences on the basis of the
lesson:
a) Dr Radhakrishnan never lost his faith in ..........
b) Dr Radhakrishnan always championed ...........
c) Dr Zakir Husain entered the office of the President in a
spirit of ............
d) According to Dr Zakir Husain, the value remains .............
e) According to Dr Zakir Husain, education is .............
Answer -
(a) the essential humanity of man,
(b) the right of tall men to live in dignity and with justice,
(c) prayerful humanity and dedication,
(d) eternally valid,
(e) primary instrument of national purpose.
B.1. 2. Answer the following questions briefly:
1). What did Dr.Radhakrishnan bring to the Presidency?
Answer - Dr.Radhakrishnan brought to the presidency mental equipment, a degree of learning and wealth of experience rarely to be found anywhere.
2). What oath did Dr Zakir Husain take of?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain took the oath as President.
3). What is the business of education?
Answer - The business of education should be the growth of national culture and national character.
4). What did Dr.Zakir Husain pledge himself to?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain pledged himself to the loyalty of our past culture. He pledged himself to the service of totality to our country’s culture. He pledged his loyalty to his country irrespective of religion or language. The whole Bharat is his home. So, he pledged to work for the welfare of the people of the country.
5). What does ‘Work one’s self mean? What is its end product?
Answer - ‘Work on one’s self means work for the individual. The work on self is to follow the urge towards moral development as a free person and under self- imposed discipline. Its end-product is a free moral personality. We should not ignore our end-product.
6). What shall we dedicate ourselves to?
Answer - We shall dedicate ourselves to work for the peace of the strong nation. According to Mahatma Gandhi power should be used only for moral purposes.
7). When was Dr.Zakir Husain born?
Answer - Dr. Zakir Husain was bom in 1897.
8). How long did Dr.Zakir Husain live?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain lived for 72 years. He was born in 1897 and died in
9). On what occasion did Dr.Zakir Husain deliver this speech?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain delivered this speech in 1967 after taking the oath as president of India.
10). Why does Dr.Zakir Husaine call India “the young State of an ancient people”?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain called India “The Young State of an ancient people”. It is so because our past is not dead and static. If is alive and dynamic. Our ancient culture is alive and we can make our future on the basis of our ancient people’s blessings.
C. 1. Long Answer Questions
1. 'This work, as I see it, has two aspects.'What are the 'two aspects of works'? Explain in your own words.
Answer - The two aspects of work are (i) individual works and (ii) social works. According to the author Individual work means work on one’s self. This type of work is to follow the urge towards moral development as a free person and under self-imposed discipline. Its end-product is a free moral personality. On the other hand, social work is work for the society around. The individual can not grow in full perfection without social help. So, we should get ourselves whole-heartedly engaged in two aspects of work.
2. What did Dr Zakir Husain say about material and cultural life, individual and social development, giving a special flavour to India?
Answer - Dr.Zakir Husain in his speech has said about material and cultural life, individual and social development in India.
Material and cultural life: Regarding the material life of our people, the author says that we should work more and more, our work should be silent, sincere, solid and steady. Regarding our cultural life, the author is sincere. He says that our culture is alive and dynamic. Our past culture is inherited by our ancient sages right from Aadipurush, Mannu to St. Tulsidas. It is still alive and progressing day by day.
Individual and social development: “Regarding individual and social development, Dr Zakir Husain, says that both individual and social development of our country is co-related to each other. For individual development there are two types of work. One work for personal benefit both financial and moral. But for ‘ two type of personal gains one must go to society. The author says that the individuality can not grow in full perfection without social help.
3. 'Power should be used only for moral purposes.' Explain.
Answer - Power plays a dominant role in human society, the power of the manpower of society and the power of the state are the main kinds of power. According to Mahatma Gandhi power should be used only for moral purposes. If a strong man is engaged in work, there is peace. Regarding state power the author says that the state to us will not be just an organisation of power but a moral organisation. So, the moral purpose of power is essential for all-round development of the society.
4. 'The past is not dead and static.' How does Zakir Husain emphasise the significance of past?
Answer - According to Dr.Zakir Husain there is a great significance of our past history. To him, we should pledge our loyalty to our past culture. We should not mind from where our past culture came and who brought the culture. The important thing is that our past glory is of great value. Our past glory and culture is the base on which the growth of our national culture and national character depends. So, the author is right to say that our past history is not dead and static. It is still alive and dynamic. Our prospect of future depends on the importance of past.
5. What does Zakir Husain exhort us to do to build the new life of the nation?
Answer - The author in his speech has tried his best to advise us to labour hard to build the new life of the nation. To him, our family of the nation is big. We are continuously growing very fast. We shall have to participate in building its new life. He advises the people of India not to sit idle. Our work for the nation is hard, but we should not be discouraged. He says that the situation of the country demands of us work, work and work more, silent and sincere work, solid and steady reconstruction of the whole material and cultural life of our people.
6. In what-context does Dr Zakir Husain say “Bharat is my home"?
Answer - In his presidential speech Dr.Zakir Husain expresses his national feelings. He loves his nation. He says that he is devoted to the loyalty of our past culture. He also promises to work for the development of our ancient culture. He pledges himself to work for the strength of the nation and its progress and for the welfare of its people without distinctions of caste, colour and creed. He says that “The whole of Bharat is my home and its people are my family”. He is proud of being a citizen of Bharat. He says that it is the greatness of the people that they have chosen him to make him the head of this family. He pledges to make his home ‘Bharat’ strong and beautiful. He would make the life of the people prosperous and graceful. Here, a strong feeling of nationality of the author is clearly expressed. Zakir Husain was a great nationalist.
C. 3. COMPOSITION
Write a paragraph in about 100 words on each of the following:
a) Write a summary of Dr Zakir Husain's speech in about 150 words.
Answer - Dr Zakir Husain calls India a young state with ancient civilization and culture to which all the ethnic groups comprising the people of India contributed. He pledges to uphold the timeless values realised by the people through thousands of years. He pledges to serve all the people irrespective of their caste, creed, language and religion. He believes that the process of growth of national culture and national character is constant, and education is a prime instrument of national purpose because the quality of character depends on the quality of education. He says that the task of reconstruction of the material and cultural life of people demands sincere and steady efforts. For this, each person should develop himself into a moral personality through self-discipline, and then serve society to achieve a better, a juster and more graceful society. He endorses Gandhiji’s view that power should be used only for moral purposes.
b) Write a short essay in about 150 words on 'Unity in diverşity'.
Answer - ‘Unity in diversity’ is a special feature of India. She is an ancient land with a culture and civilization that has evolved over thousands of years. Though a number of ethnic groups live in India, this ancient civilization binds them all together. India is a vast land. It has a number of different geographic and climatic zones. There are the Himalayas with snow-capped hills and mountains. Then there is the dry and sandy desert of Rajasthan. There is hot climate in the south that lies surrounded by the sea. Bengal and Gujarat are so different. Because of climatic and local conditions, the clothes and food habits and lifestyle of people are as varied as possible. Languages are so different. Hindi of north and Kannad and Tamil of the South seem to have no relation. Yet India is firmly tied by the ancient values, civilization and culture. There is unity in diversity.
c) Write a speech to be delivered on Teachers' Day justifying the celebration of Dr Radhakrishnan's birthday as Teachers' Day.
Answer - Dr. Radhakrishnan has been the President of India. When he was asked how he would like his birthday to be celebrated, he replied that it could be celebrated a Teacher’s Day, Indeed Dr Radhakrishnan considered himself a foremost teacher. He was a professor of philosophy at Calcutta University and later at Oxford University. He was the first Indian to be appointed as a professor there. He has been the Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University. He was also the President of UNESCO. Indeed he was one of the greatest teachers India can be rightly proud of. Dr. Zakir Husain also greatly admired him and appreciated his contribution as a teacher. According to him, Dr Radhakrishnan devoted his lifetime to the pursuit of knowledge and truth. He explained Indian philosophical thought to the world. Dear friends, I think we are happy that on this teacher’s day, when we pay our regards to our one teachers, we also remember the great teacher and son of India, Dr. Radhakrishnan.
d) You have been elected as the President of your school's Student Council. Make a
diary entry about changes you propose to introduce for the betterment of your school.
Answer - 13rd November, 2025
Dear Diary,
Today I am happy. I have been elected President of Students’Council. I plan to make the school better. There are no proper arrangements for drinking water. I’ll to have a few freshwater containers placed in different places. So it will be easier for students to get water and there be no crowding. There is no canteen in our school. Students go outside to buy eatables from hawkers in the recess. I will have a canteen in the school. !
Our library has very few newspapers and magazines. I will introduce a few more magazines. Our school organizes very few debates/quiz contests. I will have more inter-house contests.
The toilets in the school are very dirty. Til see they are regularly cleaned.
Ex. 1. Correct the spelling of the following words.
Answer -
confes — confess
overwelmed — overwhelmed
errudition — erudition
prayfull — prayful
prejumption — presumption
inascapably — inescapably
Ex. 2. Lookup a dictionary and write two meanings of the following words—the one in which it is used in the lesson and the other which is more common.
Answer -
brought -
(i) come with (him)
(ii) caused to be in a state or position
degree -
(i) amount feeling or quality
(ii) the course of study in a university
enter -
(i) come into a place
(ii) become a member of an organisation
dead -
(i) no longer living
(ii) complete or absolute (silence)
renewal -
(i) starting again
(ii) extension of time for which it is valid
D.2. Word-formation
Read carefully the following sentences taken from the lesson…………the word ‘renewal’ is derived from the adjective ‘new* by adding a suffix ‘-al’ and a prefix ‘re-‘ to it Point out which words the following are derived from:
Answer -
renewal — new
myself — my
totality — total
constantly — constant
building — build
D. 3. Word-meaning
Ex. 1. Match the words given in Column A with their meanings given in Column B:
Column A Column BВ
requisite promise
peril racial
presumption necessary
ethnic threat
pledge opinion
Ex. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives: new special dual long prayerful.
(a) Dr.Zakir Husain entered the office in a spirit of……………. humility.
(b) It is a Constitution of a…………… state.
(c) The choice of this office has been made due to…………….. association.
(d) This…………….. effort will give to the life of our state a flavour.
Answer -
(a) prayerful, (b) new, (c) long, (d) special, dual.
D. 4. Phrases
Ex. 1. Read the lesson carefully and find out the sentences in which the following phrases have been used. Then use these phrases in sentences of your own.
Answer:
(a) the pursuit of : He works day and night in pursuit of excellence.
(b) bring to : Please bring the matter to the notice of the Principal immediately.
(c) approximation of : The account is given by the witness was an approximation of the truth.
(d) bring forth : Our new Principal has brought forth many remarkable improvements.
E. Grammar
Read the following sentences from the lesson carefully
I must confess that ............
I can only assure you that ..........
Mark the use of modal auxiliaries * ‘must’ and ‘can’ – in the sentences given above.
Ex. 1. Find out other modal auxiliaries used in the lesson and tell the specific meaning in which these modal auxiliaries have been used.
Answer:
must — bound to
can — be capable of
may — possibility
I may be forgiven — please forgive me.
उम्मीद है, आपको बिहार बोर्ड के इस अध्याय का सही और सटीक जानकारी इस वेबसाइट पर देखने को मिला होगा, जिससे आपको अपने पढाई की तैयारी में सही ढंग से मदद मिला होगा।
यदि आपको बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 12th के इंग्लिश बुक से सम्बंधित कोई समस्या आती है, तो आप हमें कमेंट के माध्यम से पुछ सकते है, हम आपको इसका जबाब जरुर देंगे। आपका बहुत - बहुत धन्यवाद।
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❤️धन्यवाद Team SRC ❤️
