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Bihar Board Class 10th English Chapter 2 Solutions in Hindi | Me and The Ecology Bit - Sagar Research Center

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नमस्कार मेरे प्यारे भाइयों और बहनों, आज हमलोग इस पोस्ट के माध्यम से बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 10th के अंग्रेजी बुक के चैप्टर दो "Me and The Ecology Bit" ( मै और पारिस्थितिकी कार्य ) के प्रत्‍येक पंक्ति के व्‍याख्‍या को देखेंगे और पढ़ेंगे। जिसके लेखक John Lexau हैं।

Me and The Ecology Bit" (मै और पारिस्थितिकी कार्य) : - Writer By - John Lexau

Joan Lexau Joan Lexau’s present lesson ‘Me and the Ecology Bit’ brings out how the issue of preserving the environment and saving ecology is everybody’s concern and difficult to solve. Preaching about ecology is easy, but it is difficult to abide by the rules of ecology preservation.

प्रस्तुत पाठ ‘मी एण्‍ड दी इकॉलजी बिट’  में जॉन लेक्सो ने पर्यावरण संरक्षण और पारिस्थितिकी की सुरक्षा सभी लोगों के लिए चिंता का विषय है तथा इसका हल करना कठिन चुनौति है।पारिस्थितिकी के बारे में उपदेश देना आसान है, लेकिन इसके संरक्षण के लिए नियम का पालन करना कठिन है।

Sure, it is hard to get people to work for ecology. Everybody is in favour of it, but nobody wants to do anything about it. At least I’m doing something, going around telling people what they should do. But all I get is a lot of back talk.

ये निश्चित है कि लोगों को आज मनुष्य और पारिस्थितिकी को जोड़ने के विज्ञान पर काम कराना बहुत कठिन है। हर कोई इसके पक्ष में है पर कोई कुछ करना नहीं चाहता। कम से कम मैं कुछ कर रहा हूँ क्योंकि मैं लोगों को बता रहा हूँ कि उन्हें क्या करना चाहिए। पर मुझे लोगों से पीछे बात करना ही मिलता है।

I have this paper route. My father had one when he was a kid, so he made me get one last year. Between it and my homework, I hardly have time for playing ball and stuff; some days I get in only a few innings.

मैं इस पेपर के माध्यम से काम करूंगा। मेरे पापा ने ये रास्ता चुना था जब वो बच्चे थे। इसके और मेरे घर काम के बीच मेरे पास इतना कम समय रहता है कि मेरे पास खेलने को समय नहीं रहता था। कभी-कभी तो मैं कुछ ही पारियां खेल पाता।

But anyhow, on Saturdays when I collect, I put in a good work for ecology. Like last Saturday morning. It was a good collecting day. It had just turned spring, and a lot of people were outside.

पर जो भी हो, शनिवार को मैंपारिस्थितिकी रक्षण पर काम करता हूँ। जैसे पिछले शनिवार सुबह को अच्छा दिन था। वसन्त ऋतु थी लोग बाहर थे।

I went to Mr. Williams’s house. As usual, he tried to pretend he was not home. But I saw him burning leaves in the backyard, so he was caught. He paid me, and I told him. “You shouldn’t burn those leaves. It’s bad for the air, bad ecology. You should make a compost pile like we do. Put in the leaves, garbage, and stuff. Good for the garden.

मैं मि. वीलीयम्स के घर गया। हमेशा की तरह उन्होंने दिखाया कि वो घर पर नहीं हैं। मैं देख रहा हूँ कि वो घर के पीछे पत्ते जला रहे हैं। वह इतना घमंडी है। उसने मुझे पैसा दिया और मैंने उससे कहा,“आपको ये पत्ते नहीं जलाने चाहिए। यह वायु के लिए हानिकारक है, पारिस्‍थितिकी के लिए हानिकारक है। जैसा कि मैं करता हुँ उसी प्रकार आपको कम्‍पोस्‍ट का ढ़ेर लगाना चाहिए। पत्तों, कचरों और रद्दी को बागीचे के अंदर उनके फायदे के लिए गाड़ दीजिए। यह बगीचों के लिए अच्‍छा होता है।”

He doesn’t agree or hang his head in shame. He says, “That compost pile is your job at home, Jim, isn’t it?”

ना तो यो मानते हैं ना उन्हें शर्म लगता है और कहते हैं “जीम, ये खाद, बनाने का काम तुम्हारा है मेरा नहीं।”

“Yes,” I say proudly, which would shock the idea that I hate working with compost. Which I do.

हाँ मैं गर्व से कहता हूँ। मैं खाद पर काम करता हूँ, भले ही मुझे कुछ खास पसन्द नहीं है।

Mr. Williams says, “Well, don’t you take a little more trouble with it, put enough dirt on top of each layer? Then we wouldn’t have this nose pollution.”

मि० विलियम्स कहते हैं, “आप थोड़ा और परेशानी लेकर इस खाद बनने की प्रक्रिया पर धुल डाल क्यों नहीं देते जिससे नाक का प्रदूषण कम होगा।”

“Huh?” I say,y “You mean noise pollution.” “No,” he says. “I mean your compost smells up the whole street.”

मैं कहता हूं, “आपका मतलब है ध्वनि प्रदूषण” वो कहते हैं, “नहीं, आपका स्वाद गन्दा बदबू देता है और पूरे सड़क को महका देता है।”

My feelings are hurt, but that doesn’t stop me from trying again. I go to collect from Ms. Greene. I have to call her Ms. Greene because if I call her ‘Mrs’, she says she doesn’t have change to pay me.

मुझे दुख होता है पर ये मुझे आगे बढ़ने से नहीं रोकता है। फिर मैं कुछ मांगने के लिए मिस ग्रीनी के पास जाता हूँ। अगर मैं उन्हें श्रीमती ग्रीनी बुला दूं तो वो कहेंगी कि उनके पास कोई चेन्ज नहीं है।

She is putting her garbage out for the weekly pickup on Monday. She goes away on weekends, so on Saturdays and Sundays, we have to look at the big plastic garbage bags on her lawn. But I don’t say anything about it; I just look at the garbage.

साप्ताहिक कचरा उठाने वालों के लिए वो सोमवार को अपना कूड़ा बाहर रख रही हैं। चा शनि और रविवार को बाहर जाती हैं ,इसलिए काफी प्लास्टिक बैग उनके घर के सामने से मिलते हैं। पर मैं इसके बारे में कुछ कहता नहीं हूँ, बस कूड़े को देखता हूँ।

She says to me, “Go pick up that gum wrapper you threw on my lawn. Put it in one of the plastic bags. Didn’t anybody teach you not to litter?”

वो मुझे कहती है ‘जाओ कागज का ठोंगा उठाओ जो तूने मेरे घर के आगे फेंका है। उसे एक प्‍लास्टिक के बैग में डालो। किसी ने सिखाया नहीं कि इधर-उधर कूड़ा नहीं फेंकते हैं’

I hold my temper and pick up my gum wrapper and put it in a bag. Then she says, And there’s a law in this town about keeping dogs on a leash. So, why is yours always all over the place? That dog digs up my garden and messes up my yard, and last weekend Mr. Williams saw it tear open one of my garbage bags.”

मैं अपने गुस्से पर काबू करता हूँ और कागज के ठोंगे को एक बैग में रखता हूँ। फिर वो कहती हैं कि हमारे शहर में एक नियम है कि कुत्तों को पट्टे में रखना चाहिए। तो आपका कुत्ता क्यों घूमता रहता है? मेरे आंगन में कुत्ता गंदा करता है और बाग को खोदता है। पिछले शनि-रवि को वो कूड़ा का एक बैग खोल रहा था।

“Well,” I say, but I can’t think of anything to go with it. Then I see she is piling newspapers next to her garbage bags.

“अच्छा” मैं कहता हूँ और फिर वो समाचार पत्र जमा करके कूड़े के बगल में रख रही थी।

“Listen, Ms. Greene,” I say, “save those papers for the school pickup, and they can be made into new paper. Save aluminium cans, too.”

मैं कहता हूँ, “सुनिए, मिस ग्रीनी, कागज बचाइए, स्कूल के काम आएगा और एल्यूमीनियम के डिब्बे भी बचाइए।”

“Like the last school pickup?” she asks. “When you said you’d come and pick them up, but you never showed up? It’s easier to throw them away a few at a time than have a big mess like that.”

वो कहती है, “पिछले स्कूल पिक-अप की तरह?” जब आपने कहा कि आप आए और कभी नहीं आए। कुछ कूड़ा फेंकना आसान है। पर इस तरह सब जमा करना मुश्किल है।”

I get tired of trying to get Ms. Greene to do something about ecology. I go to Mr. Johnson’s house. He makes a run for his car, but I can run faster than he can.

मैं थक जाता हूँ पर मिस ग्रीनी को समझा नहीं पाता कि वो पपारिस्थितिकीके लिए कुछ करे। फिर मैं मि० जौनसन के घर जाता हूँ। वो अपने कार के लिए दौड़ लगाते हैं पर मैं उनसे तेज दौड़ता हूँ।

“Just trying to get to the post office before it closes,” he says, huffing and puffing.

हाँफते हुए वो कहते हैं कि “मैं कोशिश कर रहा हूँ कि डाकघर बंद होने से पहले वहाँ पहुँच जाऊँ।

“You got time,” I say. “You even got time to walk. It’s only two blocks. You shouldn’t take your car when you don’t need to. The walk would be good exercise and save on gas. And not pollute. That’s ecology.”

“आपके पास समय है “मैं कहता हूँ” आपके पास चलने का समय भी है। आपको जब जरूरत नहीं हो तो गाड़ी नहीं लेनी चाहिए। ये एकअच्छा व्यायाम हैं, गैस बचेगा और प्रदूषण भी नहीं होगा।” यहाँ परिस्थितिकी है।”

“They sure are,” I say. “We had a lot about trees and ecology in school. They make the air better and stuff like that.”

मैं कहता हूँ, “हमने स्कूल में पेड़ और परिस्थितिकी के बारे में बहुत सुना है। ये हवा को बेहतर बनाता है।”

“See that tree over there?” He says, pointing to where there isn’t any tree.

“देखो उस पेड़ को,” वो अंगुली दिखाते हैं जहाँ कोई पेड़ नहीं होता।

“I don’t see any tree,” I tell him.

मैं कहता हूं, “मुझे कोई पेड़ वहाँ नहीं दिख रहा है।”

“Of course not,” he says. “And no grass either. Because you made a path there taking a shortcut from Mrs. Greene’s. There was a little tree just starting to get bigger there until you killed it by trying to jump over it every day. Remember?”

वो कहते हैं “बिल्कुल नहीं और वहाँ कोई घास भी नहीं है। क्योंकि आपने एक रास्ता यहाँ बनाया जो श्रीमती ग्रोनी से यहाँ का एक छोटा रास्ता था। कुछ पेड़ बड़े हो रहे थे पर तुम उस पर कूद कर बर्बाद कर दिए। याद है?”

“Oh,” I say.

“ओह!” मैं कहता हूँ।

“And talking about not driving when you can walk. You drive your motorbike round and round your backyard all summer. And your snowmobile all winter. Isn’t that wasting power and making noise pollution too?”

“कहते हो जब चले तो गाड़ी मत चलाओ और खुद पूरे गर्मी घर के पीछे अपनी गाड़ी चलाते रहे और स्नो मोबाईल पूरे ठंड। क्या ये बर्बादी और ध्वनि प्रदूषण नहीं है?”

But it’s fun,” I say.

मैं कहता हूँ, “ये तो मनोरंजन है।”

“Well, I enjoy taking the car to the post office,” he says, “But now you’ve made me too late.” He goes into the house looking very mad.

वो कहते हैं, “अच्छा मुझे कार से डाक-घर जाना पसन्द है। पर तुमने मुझे बहुत लेट कर दिया” और पागलों के तरह वो घर जाते हैं।

Then I remember he hasn’t paid me. But I decide to wait until next Saturday. At least I made him not pollute with his car for once.

तब मुझे याद आया कि उसने मुझे पे नहीं किया, पर मैंने अगले शनिवार तक रूकने का फैसला किया। कम से कम मैंने उसे एक बार अपनी कार से प्रदूषण करने से रोका।

I don’t talk to the rest of my route about ecology. It’s very boring work, this ecology bit.

मैं रास्ते भर परिस्थितिकी के बारे में बात नहीं किया। ये बहुत बोरिंग है ये परिस्थितिकी को बचाना।”

But when I get home, I see my mother using the electric mixer.

पर मैं जब घर जाता हूँ तो देखता हूँ कि मेरी माँ बिजली का मिक्सर इस्तेमाल कर रही है।

“You should do that with your old egg beater,” I point out to her. “Save on electricity. Women use too many electric things.”

“आपको इस बिना बिजली के मशीन से करना चाहिए। बिजली बचाइए। महिलाएँ बहुत बिजली का चीज इस्तेमाल करती हैं।” मैंने कहा।

She says in a very cold voice, So who watches TV twenty-seven hours a day around here? Or is that some other kind of electricity?

वो बहुत धीमे से कहती है “तो कौन एक दिन में 27 घंटे टीवी देखता है या ये किसी तरह की अलग बिजली है।”

See what I mean? Nobody’s willing to do anything about ecology, except me. And nobody listens to me.

देखो, मैं क्या कहना चाहता हूँ। कोई भी परिस्थितिकी के लिए कुछ करता नहीं है। सिवाए मेरे, कोई भी सुनता नहीं है।

Chapter 2 Solutions Question And Answer 

A. Look at the pictures given below and discuss the questions that follow:

1. What are the slogans? Read out aloud.

Ans - The slogans given in the lesson are:

“God made the country, and man made the town.”
“What makes life bitter? What makes life sweet?”

These slogans express the contrast between the natural beauty and peaceful life of the country and the crowded, noisy life of the town.

2. Why are these slogans displayed?

Ans - These slogans are displayed to show the difference between village and town life. They remind us that the countryside is made by God and is full of natural beauty, peace and freshness, while towns are created by man and are often crowded, noisy and polluted. The slogans also make us think about what makes life happy or unhappy.

3. Do you like these slogans? Why?

Ans - Yes, I like these slogans because they give us an important message about village and town life. They show that the country is full of natural beauty, peace, fresh air and simple happiness, while towns are often crowded and noisy. These slogans also teach us to love and protect nature. Therefore, I find these slogans meaningful and inspiring.

4. Have you ever displayed such slogans or participated in any seminar on ecology preservation?

Ans -  Yes, I have displayed such slogans and participated in seminars on ecology preservation. In these programmes, we were taught about the importance of trees, clean air, water conservation, and protection of the environment. I also took part in activities like planting trees and spreading awareness about keeping our surroundings clean. Such programmes encourage us to protect nature and make our environment healthier and safer.

B.1.1. Write T or F. T for True and F for False:

1. People easily get convinced by Jim.
2. He uses a paper route to convince the people.
3. He gives suggestions on ecology free of cost.
4. Mr. Williams was at his house.
5. People listened to Jim gladly; for he was an eco-friendly boy.

Ans - 

1. True 
2. False 
3. True
4. False 
5. True

B.2. Answer the following questions very briefly:

1. What happens when the narrator calls Ms. Greene 'Mrs. Greene'?

Ans - When the narrator calls Ms. Greene “Mrs. Greene,” she immediately corrects him and tells him that she is Ms. Greene. This shows that she does not want to be addressed as “Mrs.” and prefers to be called “Ms. Greene.”

2. What does the narrator do on Saturdays and Sundays?

Ans -  On Saturdays and Sundays, the narrator goes around the neighbourhood and meets people. He talks to them about ecology and environmental protection. He gives them useful suggestions about keeping the environment clean and protecting nature.

3. Which animal messes up Ms. Greene's yard?

Ans - A dog messes up Ms. Greene’s yard. It makes the yard dirty and creates a nuisance for Ms. Greene.

4. Why does the narrator ask Ms. Greene to save paper and aluminium cans?

Ans -  The narrator asks Ms. Greene to save paper and aluminium cans because they can be recycled and reused. Recycling helps to reduce waste, save natural resources, and protect the environment. He wants Ms. Greene to adopt eco-friendly habits and help keep the surroundings clean.

5. Did the narrator succeed in getting Ms. Greene to do something about ecology?

Ans -  Yes, the narrator succeeded in getting Ms. Greene to do something about ecology. He explained to her the importance of saving paper and aluminium cans for recycling. She understood his advice and agreed to help protect the environment by following eco-friendly practices.

B.3.1. Complete the following sentences based on the unit you have just studied:

1. It is very ............ work, this ecology bit.
2. Women use too many ............ things.
3. Nobody's willing to do anything about ............
4. The narrator drives his ............ round and round his backyard all summer and ............ all winter.

Ans - 

1. It is very important work, this ecology bit.
2. Women use too many disposable things.
3. Nobody's willing to do anything about ecology.
4. The narrator drives his snowmobile round and round his backyard all summer and snow all winter.


B.3.2. Answer the following questions very briefly:   

1. How many blocks away was the post office from Mr. Johnson's house?   

Ans - The post office was three blocks away from Mr. Johnson’s house.

2. What form of electricity did the narrator use?   

Ans - The narrator used solar electricity. It was an eco-friendly source of energy and helped him reduce pollution and protect the environment.

3. Why did Mr. Johnson think that the narrator did not follow the principle of walking?   

Ans - Mr. Johnson thought that the narrator did not follow the principle of walking because, although he talked about saving energy and protecting the environment, he used a motor vehicle instead of walking to the post office. This seemed contradictory to Mr. Johnson.

3. Did the narrator enjoy talking about ecology?

Ans - Yes, the narrator enjoyed talking about ecology. He was interested in protecting the environment and liked to give people advice about eco-friendly practices. He talked to people about saving paper, recycling aluminium cans, and reducing pollution. He felt happy when people listened to his ideas and tried to do something for the environment.

C.1 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS'

1. Nobody's willing to do anything about ecology.' Do you agree with the statement?

Ans - Yes, I agree with the statement to some extent. Many people know that pollution and environmental problems are increasing, but they are not always ready to change their habits. They use plastic bags, waste paper and water, throw garbage in public places,s and use vehicles unnecessarily. They often talk about protecting the environment but do not take practical steps.

However, some people and organizations are working sincerely to protect ecology. They plant trees, recycle waste, save water and electricity, ty and spread awareness among others. Therefore, it is not correct to say that nobody is willing to do anything about ecology. Everyone should take small but meaningful steps to protect our environment and make the earth a better place to live.

2. "But anyhow, on Saturday when I collect, I put in a good work on ecology." This is the narrator's way of preserving ecology. How are you contributing to ecological preservation in your surroundings?'

Ans - The narrator contributes to ecological preservation by collecting waste materials such as paper and aluminium cans and encouraging people to recycle them. In the same way, I also try to protect the environment in my surroundings. I keep my surroundings clean, avoid using plastic bags,ags and reuse things whenever possible. I save water and electricity and do not waste paper. I also plant trees and encourage others to keep the environment clean and green. I believe that small efforts by everyone can help protect nature and make our surroundings healthy and beautiful.

3. I get tired of trying to get Ms. Greene to do something about ecology.' Explain in detail the meeting between Jim and Ms. Greene and throw light on the outcome of the meeting.'

Ans - Jim met Ms. Greene to talk to her about ecology and to encourage her to adopt some eco-friendly habits. At first, Ms. Greene was not very interested in his advice. Jim tried to explain that small actions could help protect the environment. He asked her to save paper and aluminium cans because they could be recycled. He also talked about keeping the surroundings clean and reducing waste.

During their conversation, Jim noticed that Ms. Greene had some problems in her yard. He tried to connect these problems with environmental protection and suggested ways to deal with them. However, Ms. Greene was not easily convinced, and Jim became tired of trying to persuade her.

In the end, Jim's efforts were not completely wasted. Ms. Greene understood the importance of recycling and agreed to do something for ecology. The meeting shows that creating environmental awareness is not always easy, but patient efforts can gradually bring a change in people's attitudes.

4. Sure, it is hard to get people to work for ecology.' Do you agree with this statement? What is ecology? What measures have you and your school taken to preserve it?"

Ans - Yes, I agree that it is hard to get people to work for ecology because many people are careless about the environment and do not want to change their daily habits.

Ecology is the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment. It teaches us how humans, animals, plants, air, water, and soil depend on one another.

My school and I have taken several measures to preserve ecology. We plant trees and take care of them. We keep our school and its surroundings clean and avoid throwing waste here and there. We use dustbins and encourage students to reduce the use of plastic. We also save water and electricity and try to avoid wasting paper. Our school organizes cleanliness drives, tree-plantation programmes and awareness activities from time to time.

Thus, through these small efforts, we try to protect nature and keep our environment clean, green and healthy.

5. Women use too many electric things. What prompts the narrator to say so? How does the use of modern appliances affect ecology?

Ans - The narrator says that women use too many electric things because he notices that modern homes have many electrical appliances, such as washing machines, electric ovens, heaters, mixers and other devices. People use these appliances to make their household work easier and faster. The narrator feels that people depend too much on such modern conveniences.

The excessive use of modern appliances affects ecology in several ways. Most appliances consume electricity, and producing electricity may cause pollution and use up natural resources. Some appliances also increase the demand for energy and contribute indirectly to environmental damage. Moreover, many modern appliances become electronic waste when they are no longer useful. Therefore, we should use electrical appliances wisely, save electricity, and choose eco-friendly alternatives whenever possible.

6. Do you think that Jim is a real ecology friendly boy? Give your opinion.

Ans - Yes, I think Jim is an eco-friendly boy because he is genuinely concerned about protecting the environment. He talks to people about ecology and encourages them to adopt good environmental habits. He asks people to save paper and aluminium cans so that they can be recycled. He also tries to make people aware of pollution and waste.

However, Jim is not always a perfect example of an eco-friendly person. Sometimes his own actions do not completely match his advice. For example, he uses a motor vehicle when he could walk. This shows that he still has some habits that are not completely eco-friendly.

Therefore, I would say that Jim is a sincere and well-meaning ecology-friendly boy, although he needs to make his own actions more consistent with his ideas.

7. Does Jim understand why his advice is being questioned? Explain.

Ans - No, Jim does not fully understand why his advice is being questioned. He sincerely believes that he is helping people and protecting ecology by giving them suggestions about recycling, saving paper and aluminium cans, and reducing waste. However, people notice that Jim himself does not always follow the principles he teaches others. For example, he uses a motor vehicle instead of walking and uses electricity and other modern conveniences. Therefore, his advice appears contradictory to his own actions. Jim gradually realizes that people are questioning him because his actions do not always match his words.

8. What happened to the tree referred to by Mr. Johnson?

Ans - The tree referred to by Mr. Johnson had been cut down. Mr. Johnson points out this fact to show the contradiction in Jim's ideas about ecology. Although Jim talks about protecting trees and the environment, the tree had already been removed, which makes him question Jim's understanding of ecological preservation.

9. Is Jim aware of all of the aspects? Does he always practise ecological measures? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

Ans - No, Jim is not aware of all the aspects of ecology, and he does not always practise ecological measures. He is certainly interested in protecting the environment and tries to advise other people about recycling, saving paper and aluminium cans, and reducing waste. However, his own actions sometimes contradict his advice.

For example, Jim talks about walking and saving energy, but he uses a motor vehicle even when he could walk. He also uses electricity and other modern facilities. Mr. Johnson points out these contradictions and makes Jim realize that simply giving advice is not enough. A person should first practise what he teaches others.

Thus, Jim is sincere about ecology, but he is not fully aware of all its aspects. He needs to make his own lifestyle more environmentally friendly and consistent with his advice.

10. A hero or heroine does not always arrive on a galloping horse to save the day. Sometimes the hero or heroine merely demonstrates action potential, rather than a completed task. What potential does Jim have as the hero in this story?

Ans - Jim has the potential to become a real hero because he is young, energetic, and genuinely concerned about the environment. He takes the initiative to talk to people about ecology and encourages them to recycle paper and aluminium cans and reduce waste. He is not afraid to approach people and make them aware of environmental problems.

Although Jim does not always practise everything he preaches, he has the desire to learn and improve. His efforts show that he can inspire others and bring about positive changes in society. If he corrects his own habits and becomes a better example of an eco-friendly person, he can become a true hero for the cause of ecology.

Thus, Jim's awareness, enthusiasm, courage and willingness to take action are his greatest potential as the hero of the story.

C.2. GROUP DISCUSSION   

Discuss the following in groups or pairs.   

1. Environmental degradation leads to ecological imbalance.   

Ans - Environmental degradation means the damage caused to our natural environment by pollution, deforestation, excessive use of natural resources,s and other human activities. Cutting down trees destroys the habitats of birds and animals and affects the balance of nature. Air, water and soil pollution also harm living organisms. As a result, food chains are disturbed, and many species are threatened. Therefore, environmental degradation can lead to ecological imbalance. We should plant more trees, control pollution, conserve water and protect wildlife to maintain ecological balance.


2. Modern appliances adversely affect the environment.   

Ans -  Modern appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens,s and other electrical devices make our lives easier and more comfortable. However, their excessive use can adversely affect the environment. They consume large amounts of electricity, and the production of electricity may cause pollution and use natural resources. Old electronic appliances also create e-waste, which can be harmful if not disposed of properly. Therefore, we should use appliances wisely, save electricity, repair and reuse them when possible, and dispose of electronic waste responsibly.

C.3 COMPOSITION   

1. Prepare a speech in about 100 words to be delivered in the morning assembly of the school on 'how students can become ecology-friendly '.   

Ans - Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends.

Today I would like to speak on how students can become ecology-friendly. We can protect our environment by planting more trees and taking care of them. We should avoid plastic bags, use dustbins, and keep our surroundings clean. We should save water, electricity, and paper. We can walk or use bicycles for short distances instead of using vehicles. We should reuse and recycle waste materials whenever possible. We must also spread awareness among our friends and family about protecting nature. Small efforts made by every student can bring a big change. Let us work together to keep our Earth clean, green and healthy.

Thank you.

2. Write a letter to your friend, telling him the measures your school has taken to preserve ecology in the locality.   

Ans - Dear Friend,

I hope you are fine. I am writing this letter to tell you about the measures our school has taken to preserve ecology in our locality.

Our school has started several programmes to protect the environment. Students and teachers regularly plant trees and take care of them. We use dustbins to keep the school and surrounding areas clean. Our school encourages students to avoid plastic bags and reduce waste. We also save water, electricity, ty and paper. From time to time, cleanliness drives and awareness programmes are organized. Students are encouraged to collect waste paper and other recyclable materials. These activities have made our locality cleaner and greener.

Please convey my regards to your parents.

Yours lovingly,
[Sikha]

D. WORD STUDY   

D.1 Dictionary Use   

Ex. 1. Correct the spelling of the following words:   

ecology, compost, garbage, sure, pollution, things

Ans - Ecology
Compost 
Garbage 
Sure 
Pollution 
Things 

Ex. 2. Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B:

Column A                                Column B

compost                the science that deals with the relation between living things 
                                                               and environment

garbage                    an act of polluting
pollution                     to feign
pretend                       filth
ecology                    manure

Ans - 1. Compost     Manure
2. Garbage           Filth
3. Pollution        An act of polluting
4. Pretend       To feign
5. Ecology      The science that deals with the relation between living things and the environment

E. GRAMMAR   

Active Voice and Passive Voice:   

Ex. 1 Read carefully the sentence taken from the lesson:   

He pays me, and I tell him.   

You see that the sentence given above consists of two clauses: 'He pays me' and 'I tell him'. In the first part, the subject is 'he' and 'he' is also the doer, whereas 'me' is the receiver and so the object of this clause. In the second clause, 'I' is the 'doer' as well as 'subject' of the clause, whereas 'him' is the object and the receiver. Both these clauses, therefore, are in the Active voice. Their passive equivalents are as follows:   

I am paid by him, and he is told by me.   

You see that in the passive equivalent the subject "I" and 'he', the subjects of the first and the second claurespectively,lyy are, in fact, the receivers, not the doers. Note carefully the changes that have taken place in the passive equivalent:   

1. The objects of the Active - 'me' and 'him' - have become the subject of the passive.   

2. The verbs 'pays' and 'tell' have been changed into 'am paid' and 'is told' respectively. The choice of 'is', 'am' or, for that matter,r any auxiliary verb depends on the person of the new subject (which was the object in the active voice) and the tense of the verb phrase (in the sentence).

3. Also note that the case of the pronoun changes when its position changes; i. e., 'he' when used as subject and 'him' when used as object. Similarly, 'I' when used as subject and 'me' when used as object.

4. Auxiliary verbs 'is' and 'am' have been inserted in the passive equivalent because an appropriate form of 'be' is used with the subject in the passive if the Active is in the simple present or in the simple Past.

5. Whatever the tense, the verb in the passive voice is in the Past Participle form (V3).

6. Normally, the preposition 'by' is used before the Agent in the Passive Voice.

Ex.2 Change the following sentences in Active Voice into Passive Voice:

The children are playing the game.

The teacher tells the story.

The Minister is delivering the speech.

The policeman catches thieves.

The driver is driving the car.

The children are playing the guitar.

The postman has delivered the letters.

The father scolded his son.

The gardener has watered the flowers.

The musicians are playing in the band.

Note:

a) You need to use the Aux. verb, keeping in mind the tense used in the Active voice as well as the person and number of the subject in the Passive voice (which was the object in the Active voice), i.e.

The teacher beats the child. (Active)

The child was beaten by the teacher. (Passive)

2. Mother cooks food. (Active)

Food is cooked by the mother. (Passive)

b) Indefinite subjects in the active voice such as somebody, everyone, someone, one, people, are deleted in the Passive Voice.

c) The Tense of the Active Voice is not changed in the Passive Voice.

F. ACTIVITIES

1. Do a project work on how to prepare compost.

2. Find out what other fertilizers are being used for growing plants. Which of them are good for plants as well as human beings and which are bad. Then write a report on it.

G. TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Hindi/Mother tongue:

1. Sure, it is hard to get people to work for ecology.

2. He somehow has the idea that I hate working with compost.

3. My feelings are hurt, but that doesn't stop me from trying again.

4. She doesn't have change to pay me.

5. I get tired of trying to get Ms. Greene to do something about ecology.

6. Nobody's willing to do anything about ecology.

7. Nobody listens to me.

8. It's very boring work, this ecology bit.

Read Also Chapter 3 👉 - Gillu

उम्मीद है, आपको बिहार बोर्ड के सभी अध्याय का सही और सटीक जानकारी इस वेबसाइट पर देखने को मिला होगा, जिससे आपको अपने पढाई की तैयारी में सही ढंग से मदद मिला होगा।

यदि आपको बिहार बोर्ड कक्षा 10 के इंग्लिश बुक से सम्बंधित कोई समस्या आती है, तो आप हमें कमेंट के माध्यम से पुछ सकते है, हम आपको इसका जबाब जरुर देंगे। आपका बहुत - बहुत धन्‍यवाद

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